2. THE NEED TO TRAVEL AT HYPERSONIC SPEEDS ( Seminar Hyperplanes )

There are many reasons why we should travel at hypersonic speeds.

Faster intercontinental travel is one major need. For this hyperplane X-3O was proposed which was expected to cover New York-Tokyo in around 1 hour.


Another major need is to allow seamless entry to space. To exit the atmosphere and park in LEO, a spacecraft must attain a speed of Mach 26(ouch), where it can either deliver payload which can be a satellite or even another vehicle that will travel further.


Other major uses are in defence fields. Here hyperplanes can be used for invincible spy planes and strategic bombers. USAF projects like the Hypersoar are hypersonic craft (Mach 10).


The major reason for the usefulness of the technology is because they can be used as reusable satellite launchers which could replace costly rocket missions.

They can thus be used as reusable missile launchers which could reduce cost and improve accuracy.


Our desire to constantly push the limits is also a reason for their development.

1. INTRODUCTION ( Hyperplane Seminar )

Hyperplane X-43 ( USA )

Speeds greater than Mach 5 are called hypersonic, equivalent to about one mile per second or approximately 3,600 miles per hour at sea level. A regular passenger plane flies at 0.8 Mach while fast military jets fly at Mach 2. SR-71 Blackbird, the fastest jet flies at Mach 3.2. The fastest rocket plane, X-15 flied once at Mach 6.6 way back in 1960. Russian jets (unmanned) have flown at Mach 6.4. Pretty evident as it is, flying at hypersonic speeds is difficult. According to NASA it is "one of the greatest aeronautical research challenges”. The main technical challenges are the development of non rocket engines and also the development of composite materials which can withstand the heat produced at this speeds .There is a wide range of application and scope for this technology. Many countries have started developing this technology, but it is still in a nascent stage. Most successful of the hyper planes developed so far is X-43.Thus we can analyze the working and technology of X-43 to learn more about hyperplanes .Also the key technological requirement is a scramjet engine which is more essential to sustain hypersonic speeds. Due to its wider applications in defense and in space transport India is also developing a hyperplane called Avatar, which is mainly for defense uses. Thus once fully developed this technology could bring a revolution in space transport.

ABSTRACT ( Hyperplane Seminar )

Abstract

Hyperplanes are multipurpose, fully reusable aerospace vehicles. These vehicles are using air-breathing engines and can take-off from any conventional airport. They are multipurpose vehicles in the sense that they be used for passenger or freight transport as well as satellite launching. The key enabling technology for hyper planes is scramjet engines which uses air breathing engine technology. The hyperplanes requires a booster rocket which will give it the supersonic velocity required for scramjet operation. Thus the hyperplanes require normal jet engines for horizontal take off, then a rocket to boost the velocity and a scramjet to sustain the hypersonic speed. Once operational it can even launch satellites at lesser costs compared to rockets. Many nations are working on hyperplane technology, which include USA, Russia, India etc.The only successful hypersonic flight was shown by X-43 of USA.The hyperplane Avatar which is developed by India is expected to be used as a reusable missile launcher. This would be the most modern technology which will revolutionize the modern day’s travel.Here we will discus about the working ,advantages ,disadvantages and various examples of hyperplanes.

SEMINAR ON HYPERPLANES (for MECHANICAL ENGINEERING)

Dear readers I would start posting a seminar topic on Hyperplanes ( planes traveling at hypersonic speeds).Don't confuse it with Hyperplanes in mathematics.This topic will be useful to many engineering students mainly mechanical and aeronautical.

I have prepared this seminar for my sixth semester mechanical engineering studies.Now I have completed my engineering degree.I am really happy to share this seminar topic.But it is a difficult topic for seminar since the technologies for hyperplanes are still in a nascent stage and research is mainly conducted by defense laboratories ,it is difficult to get more details.If you plan to take this seminar,you should update with the improvements that have been made at that time as it is a fastest evolving technology.

Hope it will provide some information to my dear readers.I will publish the abstract in my next post.

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HYPERPLANE(INTRODUCTION)

Hyperplanes are planes flying at hypersonic speeds ( hypersonic speed is speed above Mach-5 ).Mach no is the ratio of speed of the object to the speed of the sound.The speed of the sound is about 340 to 350m/s.

Now we have planes flying at supersonic speeds.The fastest manned supersonic planes are SR-71 (USA)and MIG-25(RUSSIA).Previously the record for the fastest flight was set by X-15 (NASA).This plane flew at Mach-6.5.Other planes were XB-70 Valkyrie (USA) {This is the largest experimental aircraft ever built}.Soviet's made a similar type of plane called SU-T4 (This looked similar to XB-70).The supersonic commercial transport planes were Concord of France which is now grounded.TU-144 is the supersonic transport plane of Russia, which was not operationalized due to high fuel consumption , and high noise.

I will give more about history of hyperplanes

ANNOUNCEMENT ABOUT HYPERPLANES

I am happy to announce that i will post a detailed discussion on Hyperplanes.I would like to inform dear readers that this hyperplane is not linked to mathematics.Here Hyperplane means planes flying at hypersonic speeds.Speeds greater than Mach-5 are called hypersonic speeds.I am sure that you will enjoy reading it , as it is really interesting and is the most modern technology which is emerging now that will revolutionize the way we travel.I can make space travel much easier , similar to what we have seen in films like Star Wars.Wait for that detailed discussion.