9. AVATAR HYPERPLANE

AVATAR (Aerobic Vehicle for hypersonic Aerospace TrAnspoRtation, probably a acronym) is a conceptual single-stage reusable rocket planes which is capable of horizontal launch and land SSTO Reusable launch vehicle being developed by India's Defense Research and Development Organization along with Indian Space Research Organization (ISRO) and other research institutions, which can be used for cheaper military and civilian satellite launches.

When operational, it is planned to be capable of delivering a payload weighing up to 1000 kg to low earth orbit. It would be the cheapest way to deliver material to space at about USD 67/kg. Each craft is expected to withstand 100 launches.

8.3. PROPULSION OF HYPERSOAR

The core of Hypersoar is the engine - especially since it is a wave rider design i.e. the whole body is integrated with the engine so that the whole plane can 'ride' the shock wave. This being the reason why all hypersonic concepts, including X-43, X-30 look so similar.Of course, air breathing engines at that height have to be Scramjets or something similar. These are currently being developed in the X-43 Hyper-X program.

8.2. APPLICATIONS OF HYPERSOAR (Seminar Hyperplanes)

Business jet
Military use
High speed cargo plane

HYPERSOAR FLIGHT DIAGRAM (Seminar Hyperplanes)

The flight diagram of Hypersoar

The flight of Hypersoar is clearly shown in the diagram.It moves by skipping through the edge of the atmosphere.

8.1. WORKING OF HYPERSOAR (Seminar Hyperplanes)

Hypersoar Design Views

The HyperSoar escapes heat build-up on the airframe by skipping along the edge of Earth's atmosphere - much like a rock skipped across water. A HyperSoar aircraft would ascend to power outside the Earth's atmosphere - then turn off its engines and coast back to the surface of the atmosphere. There, it would again fire its air-breathing engines and skip back into space. The craft would repeat this process until it reached its destination. A flight from US to Japan will take 25 such skips. The skips will be angled at only 5 degrees. The passengers will feel a force of 1.5 Gs which what you would experience on a child's swing. The plane will power up to 39 kms, from where it will coast to double that altitude, before it starts to descend. Each skip will be 450 kms long.

All previous concepts have suffered from heat buildup on the surface of the aircraft and in various aircraft components due to friction with the atmosphere. A HyperSoar plane would experience less heating because it would spend much of its flight out of the Earth's atmosphere. Also, any heat the craft picked up while "skipping" down into the atmosphere could be at least partially dissipated during the aircraft's time in space(it is cold out there).HyperSoar has a promised fuel efficiency comparable to today's commercial aeroplanes. However, possible adverse environmental effects from emissions or sonic booms have not been looked into, which have plagued attempts to develop slower, supersonic transport planes.

8. HYPERSOAR (Seminar Hyperplanes)

The HyperSoar is a B-52 sized hypersonic bomber/recon aircraft concept under investigation by US DoE's Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory and University of Maryland. If developed, it would have the capability to take-off from the US and deliver its goods anywhere in the world in a couple of hours without refueling. It's speed(Mach 10) and altitude will make it near impossible to track it, much less bring it down. It's chief designer is Preston Carter.

Hypersoar will fly only at 'the edge of space' - 60 km - however, it needs technology that will more than just distinguish it from 'conventional' airplanes.

FUTURE OF SCRAMJET ENGINES,NASP (Seminar Hyperplanes)

Artist view of a National Aerospace Plane on a space mission
Diagrammatic representation of all the three views of NASP

After the X-43 tests in 2004, NASA Dryden engineers said that they expected all of their efforts to culminate in the production of a Two-Stage-To-Orbit Crewed Vehicle in about 20 years. The scientists expressed much doubt that there would be a Single Stage to Orbit crewed vehicle like the National Aerospace Plane (NASP) in the foreseeable future, also known as the "Orient Express” that would take off from an ordinary airport runway.